Structured, standardized diagnostic interviews are considered the “gold standard” for assessing PTSD symptoms. In addition, we discuss how the recent introduction of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has affected assessment in the context of treatment.Īssessment of PTSD can be conducted using a range of available instruments, each possessing varying strengths and weaknesses. In this review, we briefly describe how to construct an appropriate PTSD assessment battery and the importance of using this battery or components of this battery throughout treatment. This oversight is noteworthy in that careful assessment is crucial to identifying an appropriate treatment, monitoring progress throughout the treatment, and determining whether additional interventions are warranted after the completion of treatment. Further, adjunctive treatment with atypical antipsychotics for patients who are unresponsive to SSRIs and SNRIs has shown some promise.Īlthough researchers have devoted considerable attention to developing treatments for PTSD, less attention has been given to the role of assessment in the successful treatment of PTSD. ![]() ![]() Although generally not as effective as cognitive-behavioral treatments, empirical evidence does support the use of both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) as first-line treatments for PTSD. Pharmacotherapy has also been used as an intervention for PTSD. Of these, the cognitive behavioral therapies have received the most empirical support, particularly prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), and Stress Inoculation Training (SIT). Therefore, the field has focused its attention on developing a range of treatments that can successfully reduce PTSD symptoms. read more ).Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition, which if left untreated, can persist for many years. It is characterized by intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and flashbacks avoidance. Various other medications are being used with increasing evidence of efficacy these include mood stabilizers (eg, valproic acid), atypical antipsychotics (eg, aripiprazole), and psychedelics (such as MDMA, ketamine, and psilocybin) ( 7 Treatment references Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. A brief course of sedating medications can help with insomnia. Prazosin appears helpful in reducing nightmares ( 6 Treatment references Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. read more may reduce anxiety and/or depression ( 5 Treatment references Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Several drug classes and drugs can be used to treat depression: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin modulators (5-HT2 blockers) Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. read more, and/or substance use disorder Substance Use Disorders Substance use disorders involve a pathologic pattern of behaviors in which patients continue to use a substance despite experiencing significant problems related to its use. ![]() read more, anxiety disorder Overview of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are characterized by persistent and excessive fear and anxiety and the dysfunctional behavioral changes a patient may use to mitigate these feelings. Diagnosis is often further complicated by the existence of a co-occurring depressive disorder Depressive Disorders Depressive disorders are characterized by sadness severe enough or persistent enough to interfere with function and often by decreased interest or pleasure in activities. The trauma can lead to a complex swirl of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and somatic symptoms. ![]() The trauma may not be obvious to the clinician, and the patient may not be motivated to discuss a difficult topic.
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